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KJIR : Korean Journal of Interventional Radiology

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"Endovascular treatment"

Review Article | Jun 18, 2026

Endovascular Treatment of Below-the-Knee Arterial Disease in Chronic Limb-Threatening Ischemia
Tae Won Choi, Je Hwan Won, Jinoo Kim
Received March 31, 2026  Accepted June 3, 2026  Published online June 18, 2026  
DOI: https://doi.org/10.64961/kjir.2026.00087    [Epub ahead of print]
Chronic limb-threatening ischemia represents the most severe form of peripheral artery disease and is associated with high risks of limb loss and mortality. It is closely associated with below-the-knee arterial disease, with substantial overlap between the two conditions, particularly in patients with diabetes. Endovascular treatment plays a central role in restoring distal tibial and pedal perfusion, which is critical for wound healing and limb salvage. However, it remains technically challenging due to small vessel size, diffuse disease, and heavy calcification, which limit luminal expansion and predispose to recoil, dissection, and restenosis. Procedural success requires a structured approach integrating access strategy, guidewire crossing, and subsequent treatment. Crossing strategies, including subintimal tracking, retrograde tibio-pedal access, and bidirectional techniques such as controlled antegrade and retrograde tracking, are often required in complex lesions. Plain balloon angioplasty remains the most broadly applicable treatment, whereas drug-coated balloons show inconsistent benefit. Drug-eluting stents provide favorable outcomes in selected short focal lesions, whereas other technologies have more limited evidence. Overall, treatment should be individualized based on lesion characteristics and clinical context.
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Case Report | Dec 31, 2021

Successful Stent-assisted Thrombectomy in a Patient with Acute Limb Ischemia (ALI) Contraindicated for Thrombolysis
영종 조, 승주 김, 성준 박, 상준 이, 형남 이
Korean J Interv Radiol 2021;28(1):1-5.
Published online December 31, 2021
Current percutaneous treatment strategies for acute limb ischemia (ALI) include catheterdirected thrombolysis (CDT) and mechanical thrombectomy. However, about 20% of these patients can have contraindications to thrombolytic therapy. Mechanical thrombectomy is the only option in such patients except for surgical candidates. Manual aspiration thrombectomy using a large-bore aspiration catheter is a preferred first option. However, this technique is sometimes insufficient when the thrombi burden is significant with the risk of distal embolization. In this case report, we would like to introduce a case with acute limb ischemia successfully treated with stentassisted thrombectomy when contraindicated for thrombolysis and failed simple aspiration thrombectomy alone.
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